Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Mechanical Discectomy for Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Case Report and Technical Insight

Background : Low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and contributes significantly to healthcare costs. Among its most common etiologies is lumbar disc herniation, often associated with radicular symptoms and reduced quality of life. Objective : This article presents a case of symptomatic L3-L4 lumbar disc herniation treated with a minimally invasive percutaneous discectomy technique. We describe the procedural steps and assess the patient's clinical outcomes over a one-year follow-up. Methods : A 38-year-old patient with persistent radicular pain and dysesthesia underwent percutaneous discectomy using a bipolar radiofrequency system, enabling decompression, ablation, and annular modulation in a single procedure. The technique was performed under fluoroscopic guidance. Results : Postoperative evaluation at 7 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year showed complete resolution of symptoms and progressive clinical improvement, with no complications. Conclusion : The described percutaneous discectomy technique appears safe and effective for selected patients with contained lumbar disc herniation. Further studies are needed to validate long-term outcomes and define standardized indications.