Neural Oscillation and Connectivity Dynamics Underlying Motor Cognitive Dual Task Performance

Motor cognitive dual task training is increasingly utilized in rehabilitation for engaging multisensory and enhancing cognition, but its neural mechanisms remain unclear. Resting-state EEG data were collected from 26 participants (13 engaged in single-task, 13 in dual-task) before and after the training sessions, with analysis focusing on behavior, spectral power, and brain networks constructed using weighted phase lag index (wPLI). Key findings included: 1) Behavioral performance in the dual-task condition was significantly poorer than that in the single-task condition; 2) Dual-task training resulted in an increase in delta-band power alongside decreases in theta and beta band power, with indications suggesting that right frontal regions may function as a central hub for resource coordination; 3) Post-dual-task resting-state networks exhibited broad connectivity increases, particularly in beta band subnetworks spanning frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and central regions, alongside left-hemisphere-dominant information flow. The results indicates that dual-task training influences cognition through oscillatory reorganization, followed by subnetwork consolidation and spatial resource optimization. This study provides valuable electrophysiological insights into the mechanisms underlying dual-task training and offers guidance for developing non-invasive rehabilitation interventions.