Assessment of the Frequency and Characteristics of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Contrast Media in Children: A Single-Center Experience
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Background Hypersensitivity reactions to contrast media (CM) are rare, but can be life-threatening. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, clinical features and diagnostic test results of contrast media-related hypersensitivity reactions in children. Method Patients aged 0-18 years who underwent computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with CM were included. The characteristics of the reactions, diagnostic test results, and clinical findings of the patients who required reapplication of contrast media were recorded. Results During the study period, 2336 CT scans were performed with CM within one year. Immediate reactions developed in 8 patients (0.34%). Iohexol was used in all patients. Skin prick test (SPT) and intradermal test (IDT) performed with suspected CM were negative in these patients. One patient with urticaria was able to take the same CM without reaction. Iodine-based CM was not required in other patients. MRI was performed with gadoteric acid in 1848 patients. Immediate reactions developed in 4 patients (0.22%). No positive results were found in SPT and IDT. One patient with pruritus was able to use the same CM without reaction. Other patients were not exposed to CM thereafter. Conclusion In our study, the frequency of immediate reaction with CM application in paediatric patients was found to be 0.25%. No sensitisation was detected in any of the patients in diagnostic tests.