Microscopic mechanism of osmosis and principles of molecular energy technology

This paper proposes a Nanoscale One-way Valve model, explaining the microscopic mechanism of osmotic effects and derives a new osmotic pressure formula π=kcRT that is compatible with the existing formula π=cRT while encompassing more content. The article predicts new physical phenomena, proposes two testing principles and experimental methods. The corresponding principles and methods achieve spontaneous reverse osmosis, theoretically generating reverse osmotic pressure equivalent to a water head of hundreds of meters, forming the concept and principles of "molecular energy" technology. Both experiments produced the expected results, achieving reverse osmotic pressure exceeding a water head of 50 meters, verifying the correctness of the new theory and the technical principles of molecular energy. It looks forward to more replication tests. Molecular Energy Technology does not require a temperature difference and directly utilizes the environmental temperature energy of water to do work. It is inexhaustible, economical, environmentally friendly, and zero-carbon. It is expected to provide entirely new technological approaches for solving the three major challenges of energy shortages, global warming, and freshwater crises, impacting and changing numerous industries such as electricity, water supply, wastewater purification, and seawater desalination.