FeCu Dual-Single-Atom Catalyst Promotes Gradient H2O2 Activation for Enhanced Methane Oxidation to Methanol

Hydrogen peroxide is an attractive and sustainable oxidant, yet its effective application in inert alkane oxidation is limited by the inability to precisely match the distribution, concentration, and reactivity of generated oxygen species with substrate activation requirements. Herein, a dual single-atom catalyst, FeCu/ZSM-CI, in which atomically dispersed Fe and Cu are spatially separated within the microporous framework of ZSM-5, with Fe located in the inner channels and Cu on the external surface, thereby enabling a controlled H ₂ O ₂ activation gradient. This spatial configuration induces differentiated reactive oxygen species evolution: high-valent Fe = O and •OOH species form in the interior to activate methane into CH ₃ OOH, while surface Cu sites selectively convert CH ₃ OOH into methanol, mitigating overoxidation pathways. The optimized FeCu/ZSM-CI catalyst achieves a methanol yield of 20.20 mmol g _cat ⁻¹ h ^− 1 with 90.1% selectivity and a remarkable H ₂ O ₂ utilization efficiency of 74.6%. Mechanistic studies combining kinetic isotope effects, scavenger assays, in-situ EPR/DRIFTS, and DFT calculations reveal that the rate-determining step shifts from H ₂ O ₂ activation to C-H bond activation due to synergistic Fe-Cu interactions. These findings establish a generalizable strategy for manipulating ROS spatial distribution via dual single-atom engineering, offering new insights for designing advanced catalysts for selective hydrocarbon oxidation under ambient conditions.