Colorectal Cancer Screening Over 25 Years: Evaluating Mortality Declines and Ongoing Disparities

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in the U.S and second leading cause of cancer deaths. While screening rates have increased and mortality rates have declined, disparities persist. This study investigates the screening rates and mortality correlation over 25 years. Methods: We analyzed trends in age-adjusted CRC screening and mortality rates (AAMRs) for adults aged ≥50 using BRFSS and CDC WONDER databases respectively. Correlation analysis between CRC screening rates and AAMRs, and projected AAMRs at 100% screening rates were calculated using Jamovi and R software. Results : CRC screening rates increased from 41.5% in 1999 to 76.3% in 2023. Non-Hispanic Whites recorded the highest rates (80.1%) while, American Indians or Alaskan Natives (AI/AN) had a low screening rate of 48.65% in 2023. Non-insured individuals had a screening rate of 33.02%, while insured recorded 78.13% in 2023. AAMRs of CRC declined significantly over time, from 69.3% to 40.7% per 100,000 (1999–2024). AAMRs demonstrated a strong inverse correlation (–0.885) with screening rates. Correlation analysis revealed stronger associations between screening and mortality for NH Whites and African Americans (AA) populations (–0.824 and –1.19, respectively). The projected AAMR at 100% screening was 18.91 (95% CI: 17.92–19.91), versus 40.4 at 76.3% in 2023. Conclusion: CRC screening increased over the past 25 years, achieving 76.3% in 2023, correlating with decrease in AAMRs. Disparities persist across races, and different socioeconomic groups. At 100% screening rates, projected AAMR is 18.919. Equity-focused interventions are needed to further increase CRC screening rates.