Risk Factors and Colposcopy Results in Cervical Dysplasia: A University Hospital Experience

Background: This study aims to assess the risk factors for developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in patients undergoing colposcopy by analyzing the indications for colposcopy and histopathology results . Materials and Methods: Data from 394 patients aged 30-65 years who underwent colposcopy at Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between June 2022 and January 2025 due to high-risk HPV positivity, abnormal cervical cytology, or persistent clinical suspicion were retrospectively reviewed. The indications for colposcopy, histopathology results, and demographic characteristics such as age and smoking status were analyzed. Results: The average age of the patients was 44.5±10.9 years, and 59% were smokers. The most common reason for colposcopy was isolated HPV type 16 positivity, accounting for 28% (n=112). Pathology showed no cervical dysplasia in 47.3% (n=186), CIN I in 34.5% (n=136), CIN II-III in 17.7% (n=70), and invasive cervical cancer in 0.5% (n=2). In cases with isolated HPV type 16 positivity, the risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia was significantly higher (p<0.05). The occurrence of cervical dysplasia was significantly more common in patients aged ≤44 years (p<0.05). Conclusion: Isolated HPV type 16 positivity is the primary risk factor for developing cervical dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia. Our findings indicate that HPV type-based risk stratification and personalized follow-up strategies are crucial for preventing cervical cancer. These results validate the effectiveness of current screening protocols and highlight the need for a comprehensive approach and increased public awareness.