Short-Term Neurotoxic Effects of a Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer and the Modulatory Role of Stemregen®: A Rat Model Study

Background Extrusion of root canal sealers into neurovascular tissues can result in rare but serious neurological complications, including paresthesia and neuropathic pain. This study aimed to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of AH Plus® Bioceramic Sealer when extruded near peripheral nerve tissue and to assess the potential protective role of Stemregen®, a stem cell–mobilizing nutritional supplement. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12): Control, Supplement only, Bioceramic only, and Bioceramic + Supplement. Sterile polyethylene tubes containing AH Plus® Bioceramic Sealer were applied in contact with the sciatic nerve in the relevant groups. Stemregen® was administered orally at 300 mg/kg/day for 15 days. At the end of the experiment, nerve tissues were harvested and examined histologically. Results Severe axonal degeneration, inflammation, and fibrosis were observed in the Bioceramic group compared to controls (p < 0.05). The Bioceramic + Supplement group showed reduced histological damage scores, though the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions These findings suggest that the bioceramic sealer may induce peripheral neurotoxicity under direct exposure, while Stemregen® may offer limited histological improvement. Further long-term and functional studies are required to evaluate the clinical relevance of these results and to assess the therapeutic potential of nutritional stem cell modulators in endodontic practice.