5G NR Integrated Ephemeris Broadcasting Architecture and High-Precision Satellite Orbit Prediction Method for Distributed Multi-Satellite Cooperative Transmission System

Mobile phone direct satellite connection via 6G NTN enables global connectivity but faces severe energy challenges from limited antenna size and long-distance transmission. Distributed multi-satellite cooperative transmission (DMCT) technology addresses this by enabling spatial coherent superposition to boost received power while reducing single-satellite energy consumption. To enhance energy resilience, this paper proposes a 5G NR integrated ephemeris broadcasting architecture for precise energy resource scheduling and a high-precision satellite orbit prediction method based on ARIMA. The method pre-compensates Doppler frequency shift and transmission delay using GNSS prior information, controlling orbit position error within meter-level and velocity error at decimeter-level per second. Simulations show multi-satellite link delay differences < 66.7 ns and Doppler errors < 1 Hz (2 GHz) / 10 Hz (20 GHz), minimizing energy waste and supporting green 6G’s sustainable communication requirements. This approach integrates communication performance optimization with energy efficiency, fostering a low-energy-high-resilience paradigm for LEO satellite networks.