Patterns and Perceived Risks of Personal Auditory Device Use Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background The World Health Organization estimates that 1.1 billion people are at risk of developing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) from the unsafe use of Personal Auditory Devices (PADs). The use of these devices has grown exponentially, placing young adults at high risk of recreational NIHL. This study aimed to explore PAD usage patterns among medical students, identify perceived health problems, and analyse the association between usage patterns and these issues. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at a private university in western India. A sample size of 152 students was determined. Data on PAD usage and perceived health effects were collected using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire after obtaining written informed consent. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and associations were examined using the chi-squared test. Results Ninety-two percent of students reported using PADs. A majority used them daily, with an average duration of nearly five hours. Many participants reported listening at high volumes and perceived health problems as a result. Notably, almost half of the users felt unable to discontinue their PAD use despite acknowledging potential adverse effects. There was a significant association between the daily duration of PAD use and the perception of adverse effects. Conclusions The continuous, prolonged, and high-intensity use of PADs among medical students is a significant issue that could escalate into a public health concern. Interventions focused on awareness, behavioural change, and the adoption of safe listening practices are crucial to mitigate these potential hazards.