Current practices and implementation considerations for teleradiology services in Uganda: A qualitative study of health care providers’ perspectives

Background Teleradiology plays a significant role in addressing disparities in access to radiology services, especially in areas with limited radiology specialist availability. As the teleradiology field expands in Uganda, this study aimed to explore the current practices and implementation considerations for teleradiology in Uganda. Methods We conducted an explorative qualitative study from October 2024 to January 2025 through Key Informant Interviews with imaging technologists, radiologists, physicians, surgeons, pediatricians, and Information Technology specialists involved in the implementation of teleradiology systems. Data were analyzed using QDA Miner Lite 4.0, applying both deductive and inductive thematic analysis, following Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines. Results A total of 17 in-depth interviews were conducted, which included 5 radiologists, 2 Information Technology specialists, 4 imaging technologists, 2 physicians, 2 surgeons, 1 Pediatrician, and 1 key personnel from the Ministry of Health. Participants described a multi-step process for teleradiology implementation and reported varying understanding of teleradiology. Participants noted that there is heavy reliance on foreign teleradiologists in private facilities without clear accountability mechanisms. Participants cited that teleradiology is primarily used for a range of radiology images, including CT scans, MRI scans, X-rays, and ultrasound scans. Participants highlighted the need for regulatory measures by the relevant bodies to guide teleradiology operations. Participants also highlighted the need for investment in high-quality infrastructure to improve teleradiology service delivery. Conclusions Teleradiology in Uganda presents a promising solution to address the shortage of radiologists, improve diagnostic efficiency, and enhance healthcare accessibility, particularly in rural areas. However, its success depends on overcoming technological, financial, and regulatory barriers cited in this study.