Barriers to Infection Prevention Adherence and Compliance in Haemodialysis Units in South Africa: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: The burden of infections in haemodialysis environments remains worldwide. Owing to the multiple activities within haemodialysis environments, patients, staff, and visitors in dialysis facilities are at high risk of acquiring healthcare-associated infections. This qualitative study aimed to understand barriers to infection prevention and control adherence and compliance among haemodialysis practitioners in the haemodialysis units in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. Methods: A qualitative contextual exploratory-descriptive design was followed. Twenty-four practitioners from haemodialysis units were sampled using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview and field notes. The data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic approach to qualitative data. Results: The study revealed several barriers to the requirements of infection control practices among haemodialysis practitioners, categorised into three main portions. First, individual-related barriers included staff members' inappropriate attitudes and inefficient habits towards infection prevention. Second, management-related barriers highlighted inappropriate planning and training and lack of standard operating procedures. Lastly, organisational barriers included staff shortages, a lack of physical resources and personal protective equipment. Conclusions: Several factors lead to non-adherence and suboptimal compliance, which create barriers to infection prevention and control adherence and compliance. Certain barriers necessitate immediate interventions, while others may require extended durations to address effectively. The findings can help directors, executives, stakeholders, and policymakers intervene and improve practitioners' adherence and compliance.