Factors associated with severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6 to 24 months at the Regional Hospital Center (CHR) of Maradi: a case-control study

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains a major public health challenge in Niger, especially in the Maradi region where prevalence exceeds WHO alert thresholds. Objective: To identify factors associated of SAM among children aged 6 to 24 months admitted to the Pediatric Department II of the Regional Hospital Center of Maradi. Methods: A case-control study was conducted from November 2023 to March 2024, including 228 children: 114 cases (SAM) and 114 controls (moderate acute malnutrition). Data were collected using KoboCollect and analyzed with SPSS 16.0. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors. Results: Low birth weight (aOR = 8.12; p = 0.039), low paternal education level (aOR = 3.46; p = 0.010), unsanitary room conditions (aOR = 3.36; p = 0.010), poor latrine hygiene (aOR = 6.05; p < 0.001), and family history of malnutrition (aOR = 6.51; p < 0.001) were identified as significant predictors of SAM. Conclusion: The findings highlight the critical role of socio-environmental factors in the development of SAM. Targeted interventions focusing on parental education, hygiene, and neonatal monitoring are essential to prevent child malnutrition in this vulnerable age group.