A Systematic Review on Integrating Transversal Competencies in Education: Successes and Struggles

This systematic review explores the successes and persistent struggles in integrating transversal competencies (TCs) into formal education. Drawing on 34 peer-reviewed studies published after 2005, the review identifies seven key enablers—including technology-supported instruction, stakeholder partnerships, and assessment innovation—that have facilitated TC integration across diverse contexts. However, challenges remain, notably in assessing competencies credibly, aligning national frameworks with classroom practice, and addressing resource inequities. The findings highlight the need for coherent policies, sustained teacher development, and inclusive curricular reforms. This evidence-based synthesis provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and institutions aiming to enhance 21st-century skill development. The review also proposes Camarines Sur, Philippines, as a potential pilot site for implementation, given its representative mix of educational contexts and institutional readiness.