A Study on the Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Mechanisms of Intangible Cultural Heritage and Culture Relic Protection Sites in Southwest China

This study investigates the spatial characteristics and influencing mechanisms of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and culture relic protection sites (CRPSs) in Southwest China. Through quantitative analysis of national-level ICH and CRPSs in the region, it reveals the spatial distribution patterns of both and their interrelationships. The research indicates that both ICH and CRPSs in Southwest China exhibit significant spatial agglomeration, yet there are differences in their specific distribution patterns. CRPSs form a high-density area centered on Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, and radiate outward, while the high-density areas of ICH are mainly located in Qiandongnan and Qiannan prefectures of Guizhou Province, with secondary-density areas centered on Chengdu City and Lhasa City. The analysis of spatial relationships shows that the deviation distance between the distribution centroids of ICH and CRPSs is relatively small, indicating a strong spatial coupling. Grey relational analysis further confirms a strong correlation between the two. Through spatial correlation analysis, it is found that ICH and CRPSs display a significant positive correlation in spatial distribution, especially in "high-high" cluster areas where they mutually influence and develop synergistically. The analysis of influencing factors reveals that both natural geographical factors (such as altitude, slope, and climatic conditions) and human geographical factors (such as urbanization rate, economic development, and transportation) have significant impacts on the spatial distribution of ICH and CRPSs. Based on the research findings, recommendations are proposed, including implementing holistic protection strategies, strengthening the cultivation of the cultural and ecological environment, giving full play to the subjectivity of inheritors, and constructing diversified pathways for collaborative utilization, to promote the integrity and sustainability of cultural heritage in Southwest China.