Life Cycle Assessment for the Treatment of Textile Dye Wastewater: Integrated Jet Loop Reactor and Ozonation vs Conventional Process

The dyeing process in the textile industry is a major consumer of fresh water, leading to severe environmental and economic concerns. Conventional wastewater treatment methods such as membrane filtration, Evaporator, Crystallizer and Drying processes are not only costly but also contribute to environmental hazards. This treatment method results in increasing water scarcity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions hence sustainable water management has become crucial. In Textile industries dyeing one kilogram of textile material requires an average of 164 liters of water and 450 grams of chemicals, with the annual water demand for wet processing reaching 1,500 billion liters. Despite the presence of Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) in 61% of textile facilities, only 29% comply with regulations, leading to groundwater depletion and pollution. This study focuses on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an integrated system which consists of Jet Loop reactor followed with NF and RO membrane filtration for reclamation and reuse of RO reject in the dyebath process by comparing it with conventional treatment process. LCA is employed as a comprehensive method to evaluate environmental impacts across key categories such as global warming potential (GWP), freshwater ecosystem (FES), fossil depletion potential (FDP), and human health impact (HH). The integrated system is optimizing the water recovery and reducing pollutant discharge, significantly reduces the environmental footprint of textile processing. Impact analysis through LCA highlights substantial reductions in energy consumption, chemical usage, and greenhouse gas emissions, making this approach both economically viable and ecologically sustainable. Adopting this system mitigates groundwater depletion, reduces freshwater dependency, and promotes circular water reuse, aligning with global sustainability goals. By quantifying resource efficiency and emission reductions, this study provides a robust advantage for the textile industries. The implementation of an LCA in the proposed system ensures long-term environmental and economic benefits, thereby enhancing industrial sustainability while addressing critical water management challenges in the textile industries.