Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomiasis, Its Associated Risk Factors and Apparent Tsetse Fly Density in Mako District, Buno Bedele Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.

Bovine trypanosomosis is the primary animal blood parasitic disease that causes significant productivity loss and animal mortality. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2021 to August 2021 to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis, associated risk factors and apparent fly density in the study animals. A parasitological study using thin and thick blood film and Buffy coat technique was employed for the determination of prevalence of trypanosomosis and packed cell volume determination used to determine anemic and mono pyramidal traps was used for entomology survey. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data and compute prevalence. The density of the tsetse fly population was estimated by dividing the number of flies caught by the number of traps and the number of days, given as fly /trap/day (FTD). The independent t-test was utilized to compare the mean PCV values of the parasitemic and aparasitemic animals. Univariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis and risk factors. The overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in the study area was 5.7% (95% CI: 3.8–8.6). The major species of trypanosomes identified in the study area were T. vivax (54.55%), T. congolense (31.81%), T. bruc ei (9.09%) and mixed ( T. vivax and T. congolens e) (4.55%). The logistic regression model identified body condition score and peasant associations as risk variables for trypanosomosis, with a statistically significant result (p < 0.05). Bovine trypanosomosis was most commonly prevalent in animals with poor BCS, at 11.6%, followed by medium at 3.4% and good 0.8% respectively. It was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In this study, the odds of trypanosomosis occurrence are 14.76 times greater in animal medium (95% CI: 1.91-114.15). For every animal with good body condition score is held constant. Parasitaemic cattle had an anemic PCV value of 21.17 ± 0.043%, which was substantially lower (P < 0.05) than aparasitaemic cattle's PCV value of 25.38 ± 0.36%. The apparent tsetse fly density was 11.87 flies per trap/day. The current study showed that lower bovine trypanosomosis. Furthermore study should be used molecular diagnostic tools to get a better prevalence of trypanosomosis in the study area. Moreover, further season-based studies should be conducted to determine apparent density of tsetse flies and to observe seasonal dynamics of trypanosomosis infection in the area.