Prevalence and Characteristics of Probable neuropsychological symptom clusters Disorder of different chronic disease within UK Biobank: Cross- Sectional Study of 23159 Participants

Background Current studies on the relationship between neuropsychological symptom clusters and common chronic diseases mainly focus on their interconnections. But the impact of cancer on neuropsychological symptom clusters is likely to be substantially distinct from that of other chronic diseases. Continued in-depth analysis of these differential impacts is imperative to delineate cancer-specific treatment and care protocols, thereby facilitating more targeted interventions. Aim This study aims to clarify how cancer and other chronic diseases differently affect neuropsychological symptom clusters using data from the UK Biobank (UKB). Methods The study population is stratified into three cohorts: cancer patients, cancer patients with comorbid diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia, and patients with diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia without cancer. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons or χ2 tests as needed. With the disease-free group designated as the reference category, logistic regression models were implemented to assess and compare variations in cognitive function, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms across distinct population subgroups. Results Oncological conditions predominantly influence the manifestation of depression, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness, whereas chronic metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, primarily correlate with snoring prevalence(P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the link between chronic diseases and cognitive function is unclear because of notable demographic influences (P < 0.05). Conclusion Future investigations should prioritize the examination of emotional disturbances and sleep disorders in cancer patients, while systematically exploring the interrelationships among cancer, comorbid chronic conditions and cognitive function. This comprehensive approach will enhance our understanding of the complex interactions between these physiological and psychological factors in cancer patients. Implications for practice: Cancer patients require systematic screening for depression, insomnia, and excessive daytime sleepiness, with the integration of evidence-based psychological interventions and sleep management protocols into standard oncology care pathways. Particular attention should be directed toward sleep-disordered breathing manifestations in patients with concurrent metabolic disorders, with polysomnographic evaluation and respiratory interventions recommended as adjunctive components to diabetes mellitus and hypertension management strategies. Patient or Public Contribution This investigation utilized anonymized health data from 23,159 participants enrolled in the UK Biobank, encompassing comprehensive demographic profiles, chronic disease prevalence rates, and clinical evaluation outcomes. These systematically collected datasets serve as a robust empirical foundation for elucidating the distinct neuropsychological manifestations associated with cancer and metabolic disorders.