Spatiotemporal Assessment of Multi-hazards in Dollo Ado Woreda, Somali Region of Ethiopia

Multi-hazard scenarios arise when two or more hazards occur in a specific location, impacting the environment, society, and economy. This results in food shortages, infrastructure damage, displacement, and risks to livelihoods. Dollo Ado Woreda in Ethiopia frequently experiences multi-hazard events due to climate change and environmental mismanagement, affecting the livelihoods of local populations and necessitating further research on multi-hazard spatiotemporal information. This study analyzes multi-hazard data from 2015 to 2024, focusing on trends, time intervals, and triggering factors using time series and geospatial techniques. The study reveals that the eastern Dollo Ado Woreda had the highest spatial multi-hazard coverage at 23.27%, with significant temporal variation. Droughts were more frequent in January, February, March, September, and December, while floods occurred in April, May, June, July, August, October, and November, with a maximum interval of five months. Ten factors exceeding a significant level of 94.53% and Adjusted R² values greater than 0.11 were identified as predictors of drought and flood occurrences. The study underscores the need for climate action decisions in Dollo Ado's low-lying areas, highlighting multiple hazards with zero-month intervals and emphasizing the importance of SDG13. The concept of the time-lapse study can enhance national and regional early warning systems and disaster risk reduction programs if implemented effectively. This study provides practical guidance for policymakers, humanitarian organizations, local governments, and other stakeholders in disaster reduction and resilience building by offering spatiotemporal information on multi-hazards .