Investigating the effect of stearoyl-coenzyme desaturase 1 inhibition on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory patterns in luminal A breast cancer patients peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent female cancer globally. A key feature of cancer cells is a remarkable alteration in lipid composition, notably an enrichment in monounsaturated fatty acids. This change results from upregulated expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism, such as stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) which may affect the immune-related responses. Patients and Methods In the present study, 20 patients with luminal A BC and 20 healthy controls were included based on diagnostic criteria. Then, 10 ml of peripheral blood was retrieved from each participant, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium. The treatment and control groups were then treated with 3 µM of SCD1 chemical inhibitor and DMSO for 48 hours, respectively. The alteration in inflammatory markers IL-17 and TNF-α, anti-inflammatory markers IL-10 and TGF-β, inflammatory differentiation markers RORγt and anti-inflammatory differentiation markers FOXP3 were assessed through Real-time PCR. Furthermore, the amount of the respective protein was measured through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results : Chemical inhibition of SCD1 resulted in a significant downregulation of IL-17/TNF-α and upregulation of of IL-10/TGF-β expression in the patient group. Additionally, a significant upregulation of FOXP3 was observed in BC patients after SCD1 inhibition. RORγt expression was also decreased in healthy individuals after SCD1 inhibition with no effect on patient group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that SCD1 may act as a potential biomarker in the context of immune response.