Demystifying factors responsible for hybrid renewable energy integration in rural China: a multi-stakeholder perspective

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Abstract

Hybrid renewable energy integration (HREI) in rural regions is often overlooked due to heterogeneous resource endowments and complex development conditions. Thus, identifying and analyzing key factors responsible for HREI needs to be examined to address the research gap and enrich theoretical understanding of rural energy development in China from a multi-stakeholder perspective. Critical factors are classified into four dimensions: complexity of the system, benefit coordination, efficiency coordination, and information coupling. An integrated Decision-Making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach is employed to explore causal relationships and establish a hierarchical structure. Results highlight that technological collaboration barriers among stakeholders, complicated rural environment, sustainability of government subsidy policies, information coupling mechanism, and professional talents have significant impacts on other factors. The resulting five-level hierarchical model reveals that complicated rural environment, sustainability of government subsidy policies, and supervision and service form the foundational layer, acting as deep-rooted drivers of HREI. A comparative analysis further verifies the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed framework. The study provides valuable insights into advancing HREI in rural China and serves as a reference for policymakers and stakeholders.

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