Social, economic and geographic factors influencing health equity among LGBTQ+ populations: A scoping review

Introduction This study examined health disparities and social determinants affecting LGBTQ+ individuals, highlighting how stigma and discrimination worsen access to essential resources like employment, income, housing, education, and healthcare. Understanding the interplay between these disparities and social factors is crucial for promoting health equity. Addressing intersecting identities and improving resource access are vital for enhancing the well-being of the LGBTQ+ population. Methods Using the JBI methodology for scoping reviews, a comprehensive search was conducted across MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts for relevance, followed by full-text reviews for inclusion based on eligibility criteria. Discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Data extraction captured details on study objectives, methodology, and the influence of social norms, culture, religion on SRH outcomes. The synthesis highlighted how these factors shape SRH in diverse LMIC settings. Results From a total of 3207 studies, 48 relevant articles were included after screening 30 full text articles. The study revealed that health inequity among LGBTQ+ populations was significantly influenced by the interrelated factors of stigma, discrimination, income disparities, leading to increased mental and physical health issues and barriers to healthcare. Conclusion This review outlined the socioeconomic and geographical factors that contribute to health inequities within the LGBTQ+ population. The available evidence highlights the need for a comprehensive policy to address health inequities among LGBTQ individuals and enhance healthcare access.