Traumatic Memories and Nursing Experiences of ICU Discharged Patients: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies

Objective This study aims to systematically synthesize existing literature to explore the core themes related to trauma memory and care experiences among ICU-discharged patients, in order to identify key issues during their recovery process and highlight support needs from a nursing perspective. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic qualitative review was conducted by retrieving relevant studies published up to April 2025 from PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool for qualitative research, and meta-aggregation was used to integrate and analyze the findings. Results A total of 10 high-quality qualitative studies were included. Three major themes and seven subthemes were identified: (1) Fragmentation and reconstruction of traumatic memories (e.g., memory loss, recurrence of hallucinations); (2) Turbulence and adaptation challenges during transitional phases (e.g., care discontinuity after ICU discharge, uncertainty in home rehabilitation); (3) Multidimensional burdens and efforts of reconstruction (e.g., functional impairment, emotional distress, and family caregiving stress). Many patients reported cognitive confusion, emotional fragility, and decreased social functioning, all of which significantly impacted their quality of life and identity restoration. Conclusion Recovery after ICU discharge extends beyond physiological stabilization, encompassing a continuous process of psychological and social reconstruction. Nursing care should shift from a survival-centered model to a life-centered approach, emphasizing continuity of care, discharge education, psychological support, and family involvement to facilitate a more holistic and humanistic recovery pathway.