Programmable RNA multiphasic condensates and act as micromotor for biomoleculeas delivery

Multiphasic condensates are important to biochemical processes and cellular functions. The controllable assembly and mechanism deciphering of multiphase condensates contribute to understand the molecular mechanism of biological structures, functions and processes. Although protein or protein-RNA mixture based multiphase condensates have been widely investigated, it remains largely underdeveloped for only RNA assembled multiphase condensates. Here we introduce a programmable platform to construct multiphase condensates with controllable morphology and structure in vitro and in live cells. Our findings reveal that CUG repeat numbers, G-quadruplex structure, and the unpairing bases length fused to repeat RNAs could be used as regulation modules for controlling the formation and morphology of multiphase condensates. Three kinds of multiphase condensates with different morphologies and structures can be precisely manipulated and transformed by using regulation modules. Moreover, the multiphase condensates can be engineered as micro-motors for biomolecules intracellular delivery, demonstrating the potential of RNA condensates in disease therapy and biomedicines. *Long Wang and Ting Zhu contributed equally to this work.