Identification of Anopheles Breeding Habitat & Knowlesi Malaria Distribution Using GIS in Sabang City, Aceh Province

This study analyzes the distribution of larval breeding habitats in multiple villages, including Village Iboih, Paya, Jaboi, Balohan, Cot Abeuk, Cot Ba'U, Krueng Raya, Seunara Paya, Aneuk Laot, Bateeshok, and Keunekai. The study examines various environmental parameters such as temperature, lighting, water depth, pH, aquatic plants, and aquatic animals to determine their influence on larval presence. The results indicate that larvae were found in all sampled habitats, regardless of environmental variations. Temperature ranged from 25°C to 30°C, with the highest temperature recorded in a drain (30°C) and the lowest in swamps (25°C). pH values varied between 5.8 and 8.4, with the most acidic water in puddles and the most alkaline in fishponds. Water depth ranged from 0.1 m to 25 m, showing that larvae could survive in shallow and deep water environments. Aquatic plants such as algae, moss, and water hyacinth were found in several breeding sites, while some habitats lacked vegetation. Predatory aquatic animals, including fish and dragonfly larvae, were present in specific locations but did not entirely prevent larval presence. Interestingly, larvae were found in environments with no plants or animals, such as puddles and drains, suggesting a high adaptability to environmental conditions. The findings indicate that temperature, pH, and water depth may influence larval distribution, but their ability to survive across diverse habitats suggests resilience to ecological variations. This study highlights the need for targeted vector control strategies, considering larval adaptability in different environmental conditions.