Sustainable Wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) Production Using Newly Organic Fertilizers and Bio-Biostimulants in sandy soil

This work aims to unveil newly organic fertilizers: a mix of 45% from both plant compost and chicken manure together and 10% Azolla (OFAZ) at 7 t/fed., with foliar spraying on plant or soil fertigation by bio-supplements: YS (yeast extract), CBE (the mixture of coffee powder, banana peels, and eggshells), and lactic acid bacteria (LAC), respectively, at 4 and 6 times per season for enhancing wheat 'Giza168' production. They offered them as bio-friendly fertilizers to increase the vegetative and wheat production for sustainable agriculture and food security. Two field experiments were conducted in a farm experiment at the Nubaria Agricultural Research Station during two winter growing seasons, 2022/2023 and 2023/2024. Eight treatments were applied to 4 replicates and arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results revealed that vegetative growth, productivity, and quality parameters were increased in all organic treatments with bio-supplements. The highest significant values were plant length (121.2cm), number of spikes (559.3/m²), spike length (13cm), 1000-grain weight (57.8g), total yield of grains (3.4 tons fed), straw (5.2 tons fed), and biological yield (8.5 tons fed) at T6 (OFAZ+YS at 6 times/season as a foliar spraying on plants) more than inorganic treatment (T1) control. As well as the highest significant values of P, K, N, proteins, starch, and carbohydrate %, the grains and straw were exhibited at T6. Our study can be recommended using OFAZ + YS as a spray 6 times/season as a foliar spray on plants growing in sandy soil to increase wheat production of grains and straw, their quality, and minimize environmental hazard impact.