Genetic Characterization of Benin’s Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) Germplasm using Molecular Markers

Bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranean L.), a leguminous crop native to Africa, is of parmount importance to food security as it represents one of the protein source to poor farmers in rural area. However, its genetic diversity and population structure remain poorly understood, especially among the diverse germplasm available in Benin. This study was directed towards genetic characterization of Bambara groundnut population in Benin using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A population of 90 Bambara groundnut accessions were genotyped with SNP markers and amalyzed for genetic diversity and population structure. With the population structured into 9 sub-populations, the analysis revealed a higher diversity within the collected germplasm. The results showed a higher observed heterozygosity compared to expected heterozygosity. Population structure analysis demonstrated significant differentiation among accessions from distinct geographical regions, suggesting the influence of environmental factors on genetic variation. Clustering analysis showed that some accessions shared genetic similarities, indicating a common ancestry or gene flow between populations. Results from this research highlights the importance of conservation efforts and the need for targeted breeding strategies that leverage the genetic diversity available in local populations. This study contributes to the understanding of the genetic basis of Bambara groundnut in Benin and provides essential information for future breeding programs and sustainable agricultural practices aimed at improving this underutilized crop. Acquiring knowledge on genetic characteristics of this crop will aid in its conservation and genetic improvement to meet the challenges of food security in a changing climate.