Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement on Bio Nanofluids Based Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Shell-and-tube heat exchangers (STHEs) are commonly utilized in various industrial sectors, and enhancing their performance has become a key area of research. This study explores the use of different nanofluid combinations to evaluate improvements in heat transfer within STHEs. The experimental work involves the use of cold nanofluids formulated by dispersing Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and moringa oleifera ash (MOA) particles in water. Parameters such as thermal performance factor, thermal efficiency, overall heat transfer, pressure drop, convective heat transfer coefficient (CVHTC), as well as heat transfer characteristics were assessed. It was found that overall heat transfer improved in line with concentration and flow rate of nanofluids. A specific concentration level of nanofluids yielded the optimal heat transfer rate. The findings indicated a significant improvement in thermal conductivity, attributed to the formation of adsorption layers with unique surface properties on the nanoparticles. Among the tested nanofluids, the Al₂O₃ + MOA + water mixture demonstrated the most significant increase in thermal conductivity.