Understanding the Complexities of Recruitment and Retention of Allied Health Professionals in Rural Health Settings: A qualitative study

Background Rural and remote communities in Aotearoa New Zealand face significant challenges in recruiting and retaining Allied Health Professionals (AHPs). While targeted investment exists to increase the numbers of doctors and nurses entering the rural workforce, comparatively little has been done for the professions that make up the Allied Health Scientific and Technical collective. This study aimed to explore factors that influence AHPs’ decisions to work and remain in rural settings. Methods Drawing on Interpretive Descriptive methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 AHPs from diverse professions, ethnicities and geographical locations across Aotearoa who had experience working in rural and/or remote settings. Interviews explored participants’ career journeys, their experiences of rural practice, and factors influencing their employment decisions. Data were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Results Three key themes were constructed: (1) Sense of Connection and Belonging, highlighting the importance of feeling connected to teams, community and place; (2) Safe and Supported Practice, emphasising appropriate resources, professional development, and leadership relationships; (3) Creating Roles People Want to Come For, encompassing recruitment experiences, variety of work, growth pathways and scope of practice. These themes were infused with a concept of ‘Fit’, a felt sense of being in the right place, personally and professionally. Conclusion This study provides insights into the perspectives of rural AHPs in Aotearoa New Zealand. Findings suggest that successful recruitment and retention requires attention to both professional and personal factors, with particular emphasis on creating environments where AHPs feel valued, supported to develop their practice, and connected to their communities. These insights can inform the development of targeted strategies to strengthen the rural AHP workforce.