Daily niacin and vitamin B6 intake is associated with chronic ischemic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005- 2008
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Background： Increased intake of niacin and vitamin B6 has been found to improve the progression of retinal disease in animal studies; however, there is still a lack of large sample size studies in humans. Objective： The objective of this paper is to investigate the association between daily niacin and vitamin B6 intake and chronic ischemic retinopathy in the adult population, as well as to provide new dietary options for its prevention. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis. We included participants aged 40 years or older from the 2005-2008 NHANES who underwent retinal imaging using an ophthalmic digital imaging system. The average daily intake of niacin and vitamin B6 in the diet was calculated from data collected during two interviews. We utilized univariate and multivariate weighted logistic regression models, RCS, and subgroup analyses to assess the association between daily dietary niacin and vitamin B6 intake and chronic ischemic retinopathy. Results: We observed that increasing daily intake of niacin and vitamin B6 significantly reduced the incidence of chronic ischaemic retinopathy, exhibiting a significant non-linear relationship. The odds ratios (ORs) were less than 1 for daily niacin intake greater than 12.205 mg and for vitamin B6 intake greater than 0.946 mg. The smallest ORs were noted for niacin intake ranging from 21.65 to 28.99 mg (0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.61) and for vitamin B6 intake ranging from 1.270 to 2.441 mg (0.35, 95% CI: 0.17-0.72). Conclusion: Increasing daily dietary intake of niacin and vitamin B6 significantly reduces the risk of developing chronic ischemic retinopathy. An daily intake of 12.205 mg of niacin and 0.946 mg of vitamin B6 is sufficient to prevent this condition. The preventive effect is maximized by maintaining niacin daily intake between 21.65 and 28.99 mg, and vitamin B6 daily intake between 1.270 and 2.441 mg.
