An Efficient Clustering Approach Using Routing Awareness IoT-Powered Sensor Networks

Currently, the demand for sensory deviceshas increased in various places. The area can be made possible in different ways, such as through green agriculture, intelligent IoT devices, smart street lights,etc. Generally, the energy rate will be consumed in inlarge-scale operations whenever information is exchangedbetween two devices. The data reaches the base station(BS) through the intermediate sensor nodes in IoT-based sensor networks. During operation, one of the issues is energy scarcity, and replacing the sensor nodebattery is too tricky. The effects of energy issues andvarious network problems are possible, especially on thelifetime of the network, coverage problems, and networkthroughput. We have introduced a solar energy harvesting system related to the above energy limitation issue.The solar energy harvesting method abstracts naturalenergy from the environment at a lower cost. Moreover,we have defined a novel technique called distributedefficient routing clustering (DECR). The DECR algorithm provides unlimited resources to the sensor networks. However, this method uses Zebra multi-accesscontrol (Z-MAC) to schedule the data between two sensor nodes, thereby maximizing the packet rate at theBS. Z-MAC aims to maximize energy consumption andincrease the lifetime of the network. Using a zebra-likeclustering approach, Z-MAC reduces overhearing, collisions, and idle listening, saving substantial energy.ZMAC protocol uses both the TDMA and CSMA scheduling techniques. Z-MAC is an appealing option for energyconstrained WSNs since the simulation findings showthat it performs better than current MAC protocolswith respect to energy efficiency, network lifetime, andscalability.