Blockchain-Based Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading: Design and Implementation of the Tokenized Decentralized Energy Management System (DEMS)

This study presents a decentralized energy management system (DEMS) designed to enable secure, transparent, and efficient peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading using blockchain technology. The platform utilizes energy tokenization through ENRTokens and employs smart contracts to automate trustless transactions among users. Built on a permissioned blockchain infrastructure, the system enhances transparency, auditability, and data integrity while minimizing reliance on centralized intermediaries. The implementation, evaluated on a four-node validator network, features a modular smart contract architecture and is designed with a microservices-based structure to support scalability and adaptability across various smart meter manufacturers and blockchain networks. Experimental results demonstrate the successful execution of token-based energy trades, robust system performance, and secure integration with real-time smart meter data. In addition to enabling dynamic pricing mechanisms, the platform supports multilingual capabilities and energy data classification by country, facilitating broader international adoption. The ENRToken framework also shows potential for diverse applications beyond energy trading, such as micro-payments, carbon credit exchanges, and incentive-driven energy conservation programs. Future work will focus on extending the system to public blockchain networks like Ethereum or Polygon to enhance scalability, interoperability, and global transparency. Overall, the proposed platform provides a robust, extensible foundation for next-generation decentralized energy markets.