ARF Biogel Enriched with Osteogenic Differentiation Regulators Guides BMSCs Osteogenic Differentiation toote Bone Tissue Regeneration after Osteonecrosis of the femoral head through Vascular Remodeling and Synchronized Regulation of Inflammatory Response

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating condition characterized by the death of bone tissue in the femoral head. Current treatment options often yield limited success in restoring normal bone function. In this study, we explore the potential of an ARF biogel enriched with ARF to guide bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenic differentiation and promote bone tissue regeneration following ONFH. The autologous regeneration factor (ARF) biogel utilized in this study closely mimics the natural extracellular matrix environment, offering excellent biocompatibility for BMSC proliferation and growth. The inclusion of ARF within the biogel provides synchronized regulation of BMSC osteogenic differentiation, facilitating bone tissue repair. Through in vitro experiments, we observed that the ARF biogel induced robust osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, the biogel exhibited a chemotactic effect on recruited macrophages and other inflammatory cells, leading to a reduction in late-stage chronic inflammation. In an in vivo rat model of ONFH, the implantation of the ARF biogel significantly improved bone tissue regeneration. Histological analysis revealed enhanced neovascularization and the restoration of nutrient supply in the necrotic region. Moreover, the regenerated bone exhibited improved structural integrity and showed signs of functional recovery. Our findings demonstrate that the ARF biogel enriched with ARF effectively guides BMSC osteogenic differentiation, promoting bone tissue regeneration after ONFH. Additionally, the synchronized regulation of the inflammatory response and vascular remodeling contribute to the overall therapeutic efficacy of the biogel. These results highlight the potential of this approach in the field of regenerative medicine, offering a promising treatment strategy for ONFH.