Harijan Communities in Bangladesh and SDG-11: A Critical Analysis

The research analyzes the socio-spatial exclusion of Bangladesh's Harijan populations and their difficulty in realizing Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11), which prioritizes inclusive, safe, and sustainable cities. Using a mixed-methods strategy—qualitative interviews (n=30), field observations, and quantitative census data analysis—the study reveals systemic barriers that stem from caste-based discrimination, spatial segregation, and institutional disregard. The findings indicate a demographic transition: the minority has declined which is related to socio-political marginalization and forced displacement, while Muslim sanitation workers, although increasing in number, are still relegated to low-income sanitation positions. Spatial examination of Dhaka's Ganaktuli Sweeper Colony identifies overpopulation (10,000 inhabitants in 2 acres), dangerous living conditions, and unresolved infrastructure needs (e.g., boundary walls for protection). Intersectionality theory highlights compounded vulnerabilities of Harijan women, who experience limited education, discrimination in workplaces, and patriarchal values. The research critiques the contradiction between constitutional assurances (Articles 27–28) and ground realities, where marginalized groups are excluded from urban planning processes systematically. Applying spatial justice paradigms, the paper recommends participatory governance, anti-discrimination policies, and infrastructure development to make Bangladesh's policy responsive to SDG 11. Recommendations are made with a focus on equitable resource allocation, community-driven development, and interventions for women. The study adds to international debates on inclusive urbanization by focusing on marginalized voices and providing implementable paths for equitable cities.