Phase Angle as an Indicator of Nutritional Status: A cross-sectional Study on the Iranian Population

Background Phase angle (PhA), derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis, serves as an indicator of cellular health, membrane integrity, and hydration status. Despite its potential utility, the relationship between PhA and nutritional and lifestyle factors has not been extensively studied in Iranian populations. This study aimed to investigate these associations in Iranian adults. Methods This case-control study included 239 university employees (85 men and 154 women) with a mean age of 43.32 years. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured. PhA was measured by the Body Composition Analyzer Mc780 MA device. Dietary intakes were assessed by using a validated 86-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Physical activity was evaluated by the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results Significant positive correlations were observed between PhA and several anthropometric and body composition indices, including weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass, bone mass, and visceral fat. PhA showed significant associations with dietary intake variables. Conclusions This study highlights significant associations between PhA and body composition and dietary factors in Iranian adults, with notable sex-based differences. These findings suggest that PhA may be a valuable marker for assessing nutritional and cellular health.