The Intra-subjective Artistic Third and Symbolic Inner Witness: A Psychoanalytic Phenomenology of the Painters' Creative Process

Background The relationship between psychoanalysis and art has a long and complex history. Since Freud, many other analysts have explored creativity and artistic expression through a psychoanalytic lens. However, much of the literature focuses on the final product, mostly from a pathological point of view. Objective The current study aimed to explore the creative act process, focusing on the artists’ narrative of the creative process. Method This study employed a qualitative design using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 professional painters and thematically analysed through a contemporary psychoanalytic lens. To enhance phenomenological and theoretical validity, this study introduced the Participant-Validated Hermeneutic Attunement (PVHA) protocol, an original model in which the final manuscript was shared with all interviewees for structured feedback, ensuring (1) no disclosure of sensitive content, (2) interpretive accuracy, and (3) phenomenological coherence Results The data revealed five key themes across artists’ narratives: (1) the unconscious as the source of creativity, (2) metaphor and symbolization translating raw emotion, (3) time as a container for unconscious material, (4) repetition as a means of psychic processing, and (5) integration into a coherent narrative. This final theme encapsulates the entire creative process, metabolizing chaotic and fragmented unconscious content into cohesive aesthetic expressions. Conclusion Based on the findings, this study proposes two original conceptual constructs to describe the dynamics of the creative process: the Intra-subjective Artistic Third , a dynamic and autonomous psychic presence that emerges from the internal dialogue between conscious intentionality and unconscious spontaneity, enabling the transformation of the self; and the Symbolic Inner Witness , a reflective function that facilitates the symbolic observation of inner experience, particularly previously unformulated material, linking past and present selves across psychic time. These constructs frame painting as both a form of free association and a nonverbal reverie that metabolizes raw, unprocessed psychic content into coherent symbolic expression.