Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Nigerian Children Ages 2-17: Prevalence, Awareness, Advocacy and Legislative Action Scoping Review

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a major public health issue, affects millions of children globally. To create successful interventions in Nigeria, it is essential to comprehend the prevalence, awareness, advocacy, and legislative measures surrounding ASD. Early intervention attempts are hindered by underreporting and delayed diagnosis, which are caused by lack of sufficient research and sociocultural issues. With an emphasis on incidence numbers, knowledge levels, advocacy initiatives, and legislative activities, this study offers a thorough scoping analysis of ASD among Nigerian children ages 2 to 17. Objective: The key objectives of this research study are to examine the rising incidence of ASD in Nigerian children, gauging the level of autism awareness and knowledge, and assessing advocacy campaigns and policy actions that promote ASD management. Methodology: Peer-reviewed publications, official reports, and policy papers from 2000 to 2024 were used in the study. Relevant keywords were used to search databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and institutional repositories. Included were studies on ASD prevalence, advocacy, awareness, and policy solutions in Nigeria. Results: According to estimates that vary by location, the prevalence of ASD in Nigeria is increasing, ranging from 0.8% to 1.2%. Parents, teachers, and medical professionals continue to have inadequate awareness, which delays diagnosis and limits intervention. Although advocacy activities are growing, there are still large legislative gaps that make it difficult to execute health policies effectively. Access to diagnosis and treatment is impacted by societal attitudes that are still shaped by cultural beliefs and stigma. Conclusion: The study emphasizes how urgently better diagnostic services, more public awareness, and focused interventions are needed. To solve the issues of ASD in Nigeria, it is imperative that healthcare systems and policy frameworks be strengthened. The implementation of national autism awareness campaigns, the integration of ASD screening into primary healthcare, professional development, and the adoption of laws that promote inclusive education and social services for autistic children are all suggested by this study as ways to improve the management of ASD. Initiatives for culturally aware advocacy should also be supported to lessen stigma and increase access to care for people with ASD.