The impact of menstrual symptoms on academic performance: a cross-sectional study among university students in Sweden

Background: Menstruation is an important part of women’s reproductive life and unmet needs and care regarding menstrual health can affect their academic performance and experience. This happens through absenteeism, presenteeism and effects on social life, and consequently, can put female students at a greater disadvantage in their studies and career prospects. Investigating how menstrual symptoms can impact academic performance is important to accommodate students’ menstrual-related academic needs and provide an equitable learning experience. Aim: The main aim of the study was to assess the impact of menstrual symptoms on the academic performance of female students at Lund University, Sweden. Methodology: The study was conducted following a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from 1527 female students at Lund University. The attainment of academic credits was used to assess academic performance. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test and χ 2 test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Increased severity of menstrual symptoms was significantly associated with incomplete attainment of credits. Students with severe symptoms had 2.89 times higher odds of incomplete credit attainment compared to those with mild symptoms. Those reporting a negative impact by menstrual symptoms on attendance and participation in class, preparation and performance on exams and assignments and their overall student experience, also had significantly higher odds of incomplete credit attainment. Conclusion: Incomplete credit attainment was associated with the increased severity of menstrual symptoms and the negative impact of menstrual symptoms on various education elements. Policies at the university level addressing students’ menstrual needs are needed to provide a supportive and equitable learning environment. Further research is required to investigate the ways in which menstruation and associated symptoms impact academic achievement.