WSN Clustering Routing Algorithm based on Adaptive Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm

In order to balance the energy load of wireless sensor networks and prolong the network life cycle, a clustering routing algorithm based on an adaptive grasshopper optimization algorithm was proposed. Firstly, the adaptive grasshopper optimization algorithm is introduced to select the optimal cluster head node set. Secondly, a cluster head replacement mechanism is implemented to dynamically update cluster head nodes and balance energy consumption within the cluster. Finally, the optimal data transmission path is established based on energy, distance, and angle factors during the data transmission stage. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm, IGOACR, effectively balances the network energy load and prolongs the network life cycle compared to low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), LEACH-centralized (LEACH-C), stable energy-efficient clustering protocol (SEECP), and centralized routing algorithm based on gray wolf algorithm(GWO).