The Study of Toy Acceptance among Older Adults with Normal Cognition and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Introduction: As global aging accelerates, cognitive decline has become a critical issue in elderly care. Although toys are increasingly recognized as tools to enhance cognitive and social functions among older adults, most commercially available toys are designed for children, lacking consideration for the cognitive diversity of the elderly. This study investigates toy acceptance among older adults with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), aiming to develop an evidence-based model and assessment tools that inform senior-friendly toy design. Methods: Drawing from literature and theoretical frameworks such as the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study developed a modified UTAUT model incorporating additional constructs like perceived need and enjoyment. A mixed-methods approach was used, including cognitive screening with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), toy game experience workshops, participant observation, and pre- and post-experiment questionnaires. Toy categories were refined through expert interviews and cluster analysis. SPSS statistical tools were used for regression and factor analysis to validate the model and evaluate toy design elements. Results: Data from 129 valid participants (aged 51–86) revealed significant differences in toy acceptance between cognitively normal and MCI groups. Among cognitively normal elders, perceived enjoyment and social promotion were key drivers of toy usage. In contrast, for MCI participants, social promotion was the primary motivator, influenced strongly by community support. The revised model showed that the easier a toy was to use, the lower the perceived enjoyment, suggesting that cognitively normal elders preferred more challenging toys. The study also developed the "Toys for the Elderly Cognitive Function Assessment Form" and a corresponding set of design guidelines to evaluate and adapt children's toys for elderly users. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that cognitive ability significantly influences older adults’ toy acceptance patterns. Social promotion emerged as a dominant factor across cognitive groups, particularly for those with MCI. The revised UTAUT model effectively predicts behavioral intention and use of toys among older adults. The proposed assessment form and design guidelines offer practical value for eldercare professionals and the toy industry, bridging cognitive evaluation with product design to support healthy aging and dementia prevention.