Role of Inflammatory and Hematologic Biomarkers in Predicting Chronic Kidney Disease Progression

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that as such entails huge morbidity and mortality. Identification of dependable biomarkers that could predict the progression of CKD can provide an opportunity for risk stratification and early intervention. This study evaluates the role of inflammatory and hematologic biomarkers in the 1-year prediction of CKD progression. Methods The study was prospective and observational, with 120 adults recruited with CKD stages 1–4, from April 2024 to April 2025. Baseline data including the demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory parameters were collected. The biomarkers studied included CRP, NLR, PLR, hemoglobin, WBC count, and serum ferritin. CKD progression was defined as a persistent decline of ≥ 25% in eGFR or movement to a higher KDIGO stage. Statistical application included t-tests, coefficients of correlation, multivariate logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis. Results Within a 12-month follow-up period, CKD progression was documented in 42 patients (35.0%) and was most frequent among patients in CKD stage 3 at baseline. Progressors recorded significantly higher values of CRP, NLR, PLR, and ferritin and lower values of hemoglobin ((p < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, CRP, NLR, and hemoglobin emerged as independent predictors of progression. ROC analysis was conducted showing good prediction ability for CRP (AUC 0.78), hemoglobin (AUC 0.75), and NLR (AUC 0.72). Conclusion Elevated inflammatory and hematologic biomarkers, particularly CRP, NLR, and low hemoglobin, are significantly associated with the progression of CKD. These biomarkers could be employed as cheap and quick differentiating tools for high-risk CKD patients while fostering clinical monitoring documentation.