Optimizing Wellness and Student Success. The Umbrella Model

Background Health professions students are facing increased impairment, adverse academic experiences, and impeded performance. Despite the well-documented burnout, suicide risk, and other sequelae posing unnecessary challenges for these students, and the health professions community at large, poor quality of life and undesirable outcomes persist. Evidence suggests predisposing factors could be addressed during the student’s training period as pre-healthcare workforce (HCWs) or the preclinical workforce (PCW). This scoping review evaluates gaps in the research literature including alignment of terminology, wellness practices, and implications for students as the future HCW. Based on the findings, we propose The Umbrella Model for sustainable student success, well-being, and investment in long-term resilience. Methods Authors utilized a JBI scoping review protocol and logic model to investigate the research query. Literature retrieval was led by the research librarian using keywords, Boolean operators, and database-specific terminology. Using a PICOS framework and PRISMA tools, studies were vetted through a phased eligibility screening process according to inclusion/exclusion criteria (PA students, wellness practices, occurred within the U.S., original research). Data extraction occurred systematically and involved categorization of findings based on study sections and constructs. Findings were mapped to the National Wellness Institute (NWI) competency-based models and the PA Core Competencies. Results A total of 447 studies were retrieved from searches conducted via database searching (n = 439) and handsearching (n = 8). After initial screening and full-text review, 25 studies met inclusion criteria. Terminology, wellness practices, and instrumentation varied across the health professions programs. Few studies were anchored in learner-centered theory or pedagogical frameworks. Efficacious practices were often siloed, and no studies addressed all the dimensions of wellness. Unanimous findings support the need for well-being to promote student success. Conclusions Unified terminology, definitions, and implementation of wellness practices are necessary to optimize person-centered success, promote work-life balance, and transform antiquated systems into ecosystems equipped for long-term sustainability.