Artificial intelligence and population growth: evidence from China

Artificial intelligence (AI) significantly impacts all aspects of human life; promoting population growth is a global issue. How will AI affect population growth? This paper investigates the impact of AI on population growth using a city and year two-way fixed effects model, analyzing data from Chinese cities from 2008 to 2020. The results demonstrate that AI facilitates population growth in China. Specifically, a one-fold increase in AI development is associated with a 0.2357 percentage point increase in the population growth rate. Furthermore, AI is found to reduce the negative impact of education on population growth and enhance employment's positive impact on population growth. The influence of AI on population growth also shows temporal variation, with its impact increasing over time. This study offers novel insights into the socio-economic effects of AI, providing valuable references for policymakers seeking to harness AI to promote population growth.