Research and analysis on basic clinical characteristics of inpatients with benign gallbladder diseases: a big-data retrospective analysis

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with benign gallbladder diseases based on a large dataset, and compare these findings with those from the physical examination population in existing literature. Methods A total of 36,298 patients admitted to the gallstone center of a tertiary hospital in Shanghai between 2019 and 2024 for benign gallbladder diseases were included in the study. Basic patient information was collected from the electronic medical records system in accordance with the international classification of diseases. Descriptive statistics and Multinomial logistic regression methods were employed to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients and identify risk factors associated with gallbladder inflammatory conditions. Results The mean age of patients with gallstones was 50.21 ± 15.31 years, 43.90 ± 13.53 years for gallbladder polyps, and 49.36 ± 13.28 years for gallbladder adenomyosis. The overall gender ratio in the gallstone population was approximately 1:1.38(male:female = 13175:18304), gallbladder polyps was 1.03:1(male:female = 3198:3113) and gallbladder adenomyosis was 1:1.28(male:female = 1057:1351); the risk of gallbladder stones in menstruation women is 0.625 times that in postmenopausal (95% CI: 0.575–0.680, p < 0.0001), and gallbladder polyps were 1.555 times(95% CI: 1.439–1.680, p < 0.0001). Multinomial logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age, male, gallstones, common bile duct stones(CBDS) and diabetes mellitus(DM) were significantly associated with the inflammatory state of the gallbladder(all p < 0.001). Conclusion Gallstones is the primary cause of hospitalisation for benign gallbladder disease, and the risk is higher in postmenopausal women. Middle age, male, gallstones, CBDS and DM are identified as risk factors for gallbladder inflammation. The clinical characteristics of patients with gallbladder polyps and adenomyosis are similar to those reported in the general population in existing literature