Dietary Behaviors in Gaelic Football: A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Physical, Psychological, and Environmental Influences

Background Gaelic football is a high-intensity, intermittent team sport played at an amateur level, though its training demands often resemble those of professional sport. Previous research has indicated suboptimal energy and carbohydrate intake among players, which may impair performance and recovery. Objective This study aimed to explore the behavioural determinants of dietary intake in Gaelic football players, using the COM-B model to identify modifiable factors to inform future nutrition interventions. Methods A mixed-methods, cross-sectional design was used. An online questionnaire captured sociodemographic data, nutrition knowledge, and cooking and food skills confidence. Semi-structured interviews explored dietary influences, and a 5-day estimated food diary assessed dietary intake. Data were integrated to provide a comprehensive understanding of dietary behaviours. Results A purposive sample of 20 players (mean age 27.1 ± 5.5 years) participated. The mean nutrition knowledge score was 54.7 ± 10.5%, cooking skills confidence was 62.3 ± 18.9, and average daily energy intake was 2482 ± 788 kcal. Carbohydrate intake averaged 3.8 ± 0.9 g/kg/day, protein 1.9 ± 0.5 g/kg/day, and fat 31.7 ± 4.8% of total energy. Thematic analysis identified seven key influences on dietary behaviour, including performance-driven motivation, variability in applying nutrition knowledge, time and resource constraints, and the influence of social and environmental support. Conclusions Findings emphasise the need for holistic, context-sensitive strategies to improve dietary behaviours. Recommended approaches include enhancing food skills, tailoring support from nutrition staff, and integrating practical education into training settings. These findings may apply to other amateur and high-level recreational athletes.