Synthesis of β-LiFe5O8/α-Li2FeO3/α-Fe2O3 from spent lithium iron phosphate battery cathodes for pseudocapacitor applications
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In this study, spent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) LIBs from electric vehicles were recycled through hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical routes. The spent cathode material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. LiFePO 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , and FePO 4 were identified as the predominant phases, and Fe(OH) 3 and Fe 2 (PO 4 )O as secondary phases. Alkaline leaching was found to be effective in recovering lithium and preserving structural components, such as LiFePO 4 . The residue was then used for the synthesis of a novel material. Structural and morphological characterization by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM revealed a disordered crystalline phase of β-LiFe 5 O 8 /α-Li 2 FeO 3 /α-Fe 2 O 3 with agglomerated grains of irregular particle sizes. The recycled material exhibited pseudocapacitor behavior, with a specific capacitance of 3.0 F g −1 and 82% capacitance retention over 250 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 0.7 A g −1 showed potential as a pseudocapacitor.
