Prevalence and Associated Factors of Self-Medication among Adults in Borama, Awdal Region, Somaliland (2024)

Introduction : Self-medication is defined as “the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms. (esan et al, 2018). Every year, are practicing self-medication in the form of self-care of health. Around the1960’s in the west-self-care and self-medication were regarded as unnecessary and potentially even unhealthy practices. This paternalistic approach to medicine, supported by health systems designed to treat sickness (rather than to prevent disease) remains a familiar aspect of health care in many countries to this day (1). Methods: this study is a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study that is conducted in Borama District, this study applied cross-sectional study design which the data collected one point at the time, cost, time and also require small sample size. The sampling technique and procedures: systematic sampling followed by simple random sampling. The final sample size was 227. Data collection: The self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic and socioeconomic factors, self-medication. Result : The study found that 75% of adults in Borama Town have used self-medication in the past year, with females being 1.85 times more likely than males. Younger adults, particularly those aged 20-25, were more likely to self-medicate. Lower income groups and non-formal education were associated with higher self-medication. However, there was no significant association between belief in traditional remedies and self-medication practices. A history of self-medication and belief in its safety were strong predictors of current practices. Conclusion : The study revealed that 75% of adults in Borama Town use self-medication, with females being more likely. Younger adults, lower-income groups, and non-formal education are more likely. A history of self-medication and safety are strong predictors. Recommendation : The Ministry of Health is investing in infrastructure, educating the public, and running public awareness campaigns to improve healthcare services and encourage safer behaviors. They are also enforcing more stringent laws pertaining to the distribution and sale of medications. Pharmacists, healthcare providers, and community involvement are collaborating to guarantee accessible and safe pharmaceutical practices.