Cognitive Processes in Language Learning: Insights from Attention Network Theory

Learning a second language (L2) is a complex process influenced by cognitive factors. Among these, cognitive control skills, including the ability to focus attention, switch tasks, and inhibit distractions, are critical components. This study explored the relationship between specific cognitive control mechanisms of orienting, altering, and controlling attention and their impact on learners’ English language development. The study used the Attention Network Task (ANT). The language development was measured using a posttest score. Data analysis involved regression and inferential statistics. Results indicated a significant positive correlation between ANT controlling and posttest scores (F=4.937, p=0.033), suggesting that individuals with better controlling abilities demonstrate higher language development. Conversely, ANT orienting and ANT altering did not exhibit significant correlations with language development. These findings underscore the role of cognitive control in language learning outcomes. The study emphasizes the enhancement of cognitive control and related factors to optimize language learning experiences.