The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Mediating Autoantibody and Immune Cell Entry in Pediatric Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Comparative Study
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This systematic review explores the central role of blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in facilitating autoantibody and immune cell entry in pediatric anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The immature pediatric BBB is more susceptible to inflammatory disruption, promoting CNS infiltration and neuronal damage. Clinical, imaging, and molecular data highlight early BBB breakdown as a key pathogenic event. Comparative findings underscore distinct pediatric immunopathology compared to adults. Early diagnosis and BBB-targeted interventions are essential to improve outcomes.
