Postpartum depression, childbirth-related PTSD and maternal bonding: The role of social support in a psychosocial rerspective

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of psychosocial factors influencing postpartum mental health, with a focus on depression, childbirth-related PTSD (CB-PTSD), maternal-infant bonding, sexual dysfunction, and perceived partner support. Data from a large Hungarian sample (N = 675) revealed that 29.6% of mothers reported clinically significant depressive symptoms, and 32.1% reported sexual dysfunction. The prevalence of CB-PTSD was 4.6%, with strong comorbidity observed between depression and PTSD. Impaired bonding was significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and reduced social support. Self-efficacy emerged as a central protective factor, negatively predicting bonding impairments across all subscales. Regression analyses also highlighted the importance of perceived partner care and relationship satisfaction in fostering maternal well-being. Unexpectedly, emotional and instrumental support showed a negative association with relationship satisfaction, suggesting complex dynamics in postpartum support needs. Sociodemographic and birth-related variables, such as emergency cesarean and high-risk pregnancies, were linked to higher psychological distress. These findings underscore the multidimensional nature of postpartum adjustment and emphasize the need for integrated psychosocial screening and intervention strategies that address not only individual but relational factors, including trauma-informed support and couple-based therapy. Our results deepen understanding of maternal mental health and offer actionable insights for perinatal care.